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Thamesmead 1970

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This is a glorious promotional film for the Thamesmead estate, built in the late sixties on the banks of the Thames in East London, and perhaps most famous for being the setting for Stanley Kubrick's infamous film of Anthony Burgess's A Clockwork Orange. I saw this screened in the London Metropolitan Archives and I'm really glad they've put it up online. It's a wonderful glimpse into a kind of utopian modernism that was out of vogue even as they were building and promoting it. And so much of the detail - the colours of the fabrics and the film stock, the lettering of posters and the forms of the maps, models and buildings - is utterly beautiful. No-one really has a good word to say about the plan for Thamesmead these days, but this film is a reminder of an age of high ideals, at the moment they hit the rocks in a decade of stagflation, strikes and international financial meltdowns.

The American Look

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'There's a fresh look to fun in America today.'

 

This is one of the most beautiful documentaries I've seen. American Look was a 1958 film shot in Technicolor for General Motors, focusing on industrial design. One the day of the 2012 US Election it seemed a nice idea to watch this glorious gem, one that showcases (or, rather, screams) the American Dream of the Eisenhower era over fifty years ago. The design style, particularly the architectural details, foregrounded by the film has been variously described as 'googie' or 'populuxe' – we have modernist dog kennels and Jetsons-style cars on display, while men play golf in Mad Men-era slacks and women inhabit vast ranch-style houses with acres of plate glass and jaunty-legged furniture. Door handles, cutlery and lawn sprinklers have never been shot so lovingly, and the cars have been kept back to the end, as if General Motors wanted to suggest that they amid all of these space-age wonders, cars were the very apex of the American Dream. And looking at the rocket-ship that doubles as a car seen driving at the end, who's to say it wasn't?

And even Princes Risborough

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My research into the history of Birmingham's Alpha Tower and the ATV studio buildings, designed by George Marsh for Richard Seifert, was helped along hugely when the marvellous documentary From ATVland in Colour was released. Among tales of the rats surging up from the wharf on which the studios were built and terrorising the ATV staff was a brilliant little 1970 public information film created by the TV company to promote their new Oxford colour transmitter. A simple collection of hand-painted graphic slides of each of the areas covered was accompanied by an avuncular voice-over and some rather saucy incidental jazz. The result is a jaunty little delight.

 

'Do you live in... Oxford, Abingdon, Witney, Bampton? Burford, Watlington, Brackley, Swindon... or Stony Stratford? Bicester, Deddington, Charlbury, Malmesbury, Towcester? Wolverton, Tring, Banbury, or Whitchurch? Wallingford, Farringdon, Wantage, Buckingham, Woodford Halse? Goring, Aylesbury, Haddenham or Lechlade? Or even in Princes Risborough? Chipping Norton? Or Leighton Buzzard? If you do then ATV bring colour to your area with the new Oxford Transmitter.'

There's even a spoof video doing the rounds, such is the love for this little public information film.

The door to the past is closing...

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There are two films here on a playlist uploaded by the London Metropolitan Archives. The first, Barbican Regained, has loads of smashing footage of the City of London taken in 1963, but labours under the most tiresome verse narration that takes away most of the wonder it might have summoned up without it. Still, it's worth watching if only for the footage of the mangled, burned out wreckage of the Blitz, or glimpses of Chamberlin, Powell and Bon's office as they draw up plans for the new Barbican.

The second in the playlist is a wonderful London County Council film, The Changing Face of London, made in 1960 – although, unfortunately it seems impossible to track down on YouTube as a single film. In it there are amazing shots of the remains of the Blitz, slum houses and various buildings deemed inconvenient to the LCC's planning department being torn down, and the steel frames and concrete foundations of new office blocks in the City being constructed.

There's a fair few notable schemes in this video – from a newly built BBC Television Centre, so recently sold off by the Corporation, to those controversial Piccadilly Circus and Elephant and Castle plans, here shown in beautiful 3D model form, and almost indistinguishable from each-other, which was appropriate if coincidental for the 'Piccadilly Circus of South London'. There's even the Motopia model, which I raved about so recently.

The most interesting sequences are those dedicated to the people of London, 1960: the old woman watching her slum house being demolished, looking mournfully up at the tower blocks beyond; the frightfully sensible children at school, 14 going on 52; the old people basking in the sunlight in their home, chatting away about no-one knows what, as the narrator doesn't stop to draw breath for a moment; and the LCC planners in their offices in County Hall: rows of them sat at drawing boards, anglepoise lamps craning overhead as the architects sketchedout their plans in their v-necks or shirtsleeves, skinny ties and ruthlessly neat side partings. There's something so sad about the wistful look on the children's faces, or the cheery old folk nattering away: their lives caught so fleetingly in this breezy documentary which treated them like skyscrapers or Blitzed ruins – monumental objects to be commented on, rather than people with their own voices, self expression or inner lives. But it shows us so much of a transient moment in London's history, one just before our skyscraper king, Richard Seifert, had built any of his signature towers in central London; before the Barbican had risen from the ashes; before the National Theatre or Hayward Gallery had sprung up on the Thames; when Millbank Tower was still under construction in the haze behind the Palace of Westminster. Beyond the stiff, starchy, matron-like efficiency of the filmmaking, there is genuine social history here. It's just not in the touchy-feely way that we recognise it today.

Demolition Porn: Glasgow

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Away from the happy tales of lovely modernist things being lovely and modernist, many of the most powerful films of postwar buildings online are the demolition videos of tower blocks and estates. There are many reasons for these demolitions: some of the buildings have become neglected and are now too expensive to maintain; others have become too associated with social problems, often due to the right to buy policy's unwanted side-effect of concentrating the poorest families into the few remaining council-run dwellings in high rise estates, and pretty much abandoning them there; then there were structural failures latent in the building from the off; or there's the most common reason – it's a way to get money from developers so they can carpet the area with yet more poky boxes with tiny windows.

Whatever I think about these films, there's no denying that there's a bit of a thrill to watching big shit blowing up, even if the background message is one of such tragic failure. I've concentrated on films from Glasgow because for a long while it was the high rise capital of Britain, and in the last twenty years all sorts of experiments, from Basil Spence's extraordinary Queen Elizabeth flats in the Gorbals (where, during the famously disastrous demolition, a spectator was killed by flying masonry) to Sam Bunton's enormous and rather terrifying Red Road towers, have been razed. If big explosions are your thing, Glasgow has offered more than most.

Pollockshaws



Stirlingfauld Place, Gorbals



Red Road

The Internet – invented in Penge

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A few years ago I saw this in Greenwich Market and failed to buy it. Then I saw one on eBay, so now I own the Internet.  

'Internet' is a quintessential 1960s transistor radio, including leatherette case.  This is a 2 band radio (twice as good as broadband, right?).  The company were based near Penge West station in South London, about 2 miles from where I live now, and the radio itself was manufactured in Hong Kong.














London as a Machine

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This is one of the most significant of the rash of postwar films of planning. The Proud City, made in 1945, is a film version of Patrick Abercrombie and J. H. Forshaw's County of London Plan. It stars a monocle-polishing Abercrombie among a cast of stilted, awkward, plummy-voiced experts, interrupted only by the rather more workmanlike and intense Arthur Ling, the planner who demonstrates the scheme in action. As he says, South London is 'a typical picture of muddle and overcrowding which clearly calls for drastic reconstruction.' To modern eyes and ears there seems a disjunct between the patrician tones of the planners, speaking in voices we're used to being ridiculed by Harry Enfield, and the politically and socially radical scheme they are proposing. It's strange too to think how soon other architects were dismissing Abercrombie as old hat and pushing further and faster. It's a fascinating watch.

Christmas, London 1953

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Some lovely ITN footage of Christmas shopping in London, 1953, at the fag end of rationing. The shop window animatronics in particular are amazing.

Streets of Philadelphia, 1962

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From fifty years ago, an educational documentary on town planning, telling the story of the postwar rebuilding of Philadelphia. There's lots of amazing footage of a city in flux, a mixture of historic buildings, derelict areas and the rebuilt centre. Creakily formal men, like a succession of Wizards of Oz, drew their plans with wax crayon on a huge board to demonstrate how the city was changing, and narrate the film in their inexpressive voices.



All of the major urban rebuilding theories are here: the opening up of green spaces, the separation of cars and pedestrians, and the zoning of areas into different functions. But the sheer scale of the plan, and the size of the rebuilding effort makes this an exceptional record of a moment in time when it was briefly possible to tackle the plan of an entire city centre and radically alter it.

The film was sponsored by Reynolds Metals, who'd also helped with the rebuilding, and were keen to become the Nobel of modern architecture, promoting good practice around the world. Five years later the American Institute of Architects awarded the experimental Scottish new town of Cumbernauld the Reynolds Award for outstanding design.

Alvar Aalto – Technology and Nature

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Great documentary about Finnish modernist extraordinaire Alvar Aalto, covering everything from his family and war work to his furniture and architecture. The angle – the tension between technology and nature – gets to the heart of what makes his work so special: presenting a human face to the machine age. The documentary is hosted on the brilliant UbuWeb.

No Ball Games

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One of the most mysterious effects of postwar planning has been the architects and planners desire to create green spaces for residents to use and play on, often in the oddest places, and the council's immediate decision on managing the finished site to stick up prohibitive 'no ball games' signs everywhere to discourage said residents. It's certainly one of the oddities I remember from growing up in New Addington.


Artist Eva Merz created a lovely project back in 2007 when she worked with the residents of Aberdeen's Tillydrone estate. As she wrote at the time: 'In Tillydrone there are more than 70 prohibition signs – most of them saying No Ball Games - a lot in a community of 4000 inhabitants. ... Strange, that in contemporary society, with a general focus on community regeneration, engagement and participation, this is the only visible communication from the city council to the people... No no no.'

Flying over Cooling Towers

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Well, here's a couple of cool little films. The first is taken by an FPV (First Person View – that's a remote controlled plane steered by a video link) and shows a flight over the five deserted cooling towers of Willington Power Station in Derbyshire, built in the 50s and derelict for some few years now. This is best listened with the sound off due to the awful soundtrack.



The second film is take up close to the cooling towers, after the enterprising cameraman snuck into the site and took a series of gorgeous photos and video images of them, and edited them together rather beautifully, this time to a rather less offensive Depeche Mode track. Cooling towers are such dramatic, curvy, beautiful things, like primitive pottery blown up to enormous size. I have great affection for them, much in the same way that gasometers and pylons never fail to stir the soul.


How We Live Today

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Each terminal is linked via GPO telephone line to the central computer in London ... TV screens will get bigger while the set will get slimmer ... Millions will travel abroad for holidays ... People will be able to access their cash from banks remotely ... you can use this system to access any number anywhere that you might be able to from your office phone.


Predictions of the future in Britain from the sixties and seventies, from the BFI's archive via BBC4. Charming footage, and surprisingly accurate in many cases. Was particularly struck by the language the computer teacher was using while addressing his class back in the seventies, such as logging in and getting online. It feels like an anachronism. But then that's the joy of these films – how spot-on some of them are in predicting trends, while others fall rather wide of the systems we have ended up with (such as the cashpoint).

Atomium Heart

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Expos and Worlds Fairs, those outlandish and futuristic events, whose architecture and planning frequently made them look as if Godzilla and giant robots had arranged a very competitive village fete. None more so than the Cold War's finest, the 1958 Expo in Brussels.

Here's a gorgeous film of the Expo in most of its glory. This 8mm film from 1958 captures the many different national exhibition halls, from Thailand's traditional pagoda to Britain's jagged iceberg, and Belgium's spectacular Atomium.


The Southbank Centre in the 26th Century

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The Hayward Gallery on the South bank of the Thames opened in 1968. It and its Archigram-designed concrete walkways were still considered exotically futuristic enough five years later that it appeared as a 26th Century location in the Jon Pertwee Doctor Who story Frontier in Space, shown in the spring of 73.

Frontier in Space was an ambitious 'space opera', featuring Roger Delgado's final appearance as the Master, the Daleks, and various other alien races at war in deep space. To keep all of this wild ambition about representing a space war within tight BBC budgets most of the story takes place in various prison cells, spaceship cargo holds and the like.

Here's a clip of the Doctor and Jo Grant, his assistant, being escorted to a prison cell through the outlandish walkways of the Southbank Centre, accompanied by some marvellous synthesised incidental music from Dudley Simpson.

This is still how I think the future should look.


HORSA huts vs Horsa huts

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Immediately following Word War II Britain was faced with two competing visions of temporary buildings, both called Horsa huts. The first, and most well known, were the huts built for the urgent need of schools, who by 1947 were expected to keep on pupils to the outrageous age of 15 and thus required bigger premises. This 'Hutting Operation for the Raising of the School-leaving Age', or HORSA for short, resulted in the concrete walled, asbestos roofed and metal-framed windowed hut many of us recognise from their lingering legacy.



A Mr Munns from Surrey had quite a different idea, even if it used the same name. He'd been eagerly chopping up the airframe of a number of ex-RAF Airspeed Horsa gliders, like the ones used in the invasion of Sicily or the Batttle of Normandy. Then he'd mounted them on wheels or stuck them in the ground and they became caravans or prefab homes. The success of his enterprise must have been rather temporary at best... Here's a charming little Movie Tone newsreel.

Carry On Prefabs

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I've been writing about prefabs, for what will be the first chapter of my book, Concretopia. It happens to be the last chapter to be written, due to the arse-about-face way I seem to have approached it. Here's an extract from a 1945 short film made to promote prefabs, which I watched as part of my research ages ago now. It's directed by a young Lewis Gilbert, he of 3 x Bond film, Alfie and Shirley Valentine fame. The hero, a womanising, chain-smoking investigative journalist, is played by – who else – Charles Hawtrey.

In The Ten Year Plan, Hawtrey is sent out to discover just what the bally hell this prefabrication lark is all about. In it he talks to some blimpish military experts, some colourful Ealing-style members of the public and goes to investigate the buildings for himself. It's a lovely example of the art of the public information film, the kind of thing that is likely of more historical interest now than the picture it was accompanying at the cinema.

West Germany: Cold War Pop-Up Country

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Here's a couple of short videos focusing on West Germany, that Cold War pop-up country established in 1949 and then absorbed back into a reunified Germany in 1990. This first US newsreel records the white heat of West Germany's postwar rebuilding, including the fabulous international exhibition of modern architecture, Interbau.


And here's a smashing mini-documentary about photographer Jupp Darchinger, who captured everyday life and the political elite in Bonn during this period. His photographs are incredible, and more can be seen here.

Farewell to the Festival

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Here's an edited version of Brief City, the 1952 documentary recording a walk around the South Bank after the closure of the Festival of Britain, and a look back to when it was open in 1951. Hugh Casson, the Festival's chief architectural planner, wanders round the rubbish-strewn site with Patrick O' Donovan, who narrates the film.

Even in its edited form the film shines as a record of optimistic planning, and melancholic rememberance. Breathtaking shots of the Skylon and the Dome of Discovery are mixed with scenes of festival-goers cowering beneath brollies in heavy rain (1951 was a notoriously wet summer), elderly women drinking tea or schoolkids being lined up for photos. 'There were no resounding proud messages here,' says O'Donovan. 'No-one was taught to hate anything. At a time when nations were becoming more assertive and more intolerant, here was a national exhibition that avoided these emotions and tried to stay rational.' Here were grand aims stated modestly, or modest aims stated grandly, depending on how you looked at them. It seems to perfectly characterise the legacy of the Festival.

The Way Plymouth Lived

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Here's the famous documentary made by Jill Craigie filmed in war-damaged Plymouth, 1946. The Way We Live features a fictional family going about their business, as well as a whole lot of folk playing themselves, from local councillors to Patrick Abercrombie, the great planning guru of the age, and James Paton Watson, the city's planner. Together these two colourful figures present their 1943 Plan for Plymouth, one of the first big postwar rebuilding schemes. The film is charming, full of character and detail, and shows just what a great journalist Craigie was. Incidentally, while making The Way We Live the director met the local MP, a young and dynamic figure, Michael Foot, and they soon married.


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